Brain & Behavior Laboratory
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) with Dr. Blum
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) encompasses many brain disorders
(e.g., ADHD), addictions, and addictive, impulsive, and compulsive behaviors.
(Dr. Blum’s concept)
<-Link to Dr. M's RDS Articles
Figure: This is the Brain Reward Cascade as the background for RDS. This model includes hypocretin/orexin in the hypothalamus that is compromised due to the development of narcolepsy.
Modestino, E. J., Blum, K., Oscar-Berman, M., Gold, M. S., Duane, D. D., Sultan, S. G. S., & Auerbach, S. H. (2015). Reward deficiency syndrome: Attentional/arousal subtypes, limitations of current diagnostic nosology, and future research. Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, 01(01). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545661/pdf/nihms-692690.pdf
Links related to RDS:
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is now Listed in SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology (2017)
Blum, K., Kazmi, S., Modestino, E. J., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, D., Baron, D., McLaughlin, T., Green, R., Jalali, R., Thanos, P. K., Elman, I., Badgaiyan, R. D., Bowirrat, A., & Gold, M. S. (2021). A novel precision approach to overcome the “addiction pandemic” by incorporating genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) and dopamine homeostasis restoration. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(3), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030212
Blum, K., Han, D., Gupta, A., Baron, D., Braverman, E. R., Dennen, C. A., Kazmi, S., Llanos-Gomez, L., Badgaiyan, R. D., Elman, I., Thanos, P. K., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, D., Gondre-Lewis, M. C., Gold, M. S., & Bowirrat, A. (2022). Statistical validation of risk alleles in genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) test: Early identification of risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in 74,566 case–control subjects. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(9), 1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091385
Kótyuk, E., Urbán, R., Hende, B., Richman, M., Magi, A., Király, O., Barta, C., Griffiths, M. D., Potenza, M. N., Badgaiyan, R. D., Blum, K., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022). Development and validation of the reward deficiency syndrome questionnaire (RDSQ-29). Journal of Psychopharmacology, 36(3), 409–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211069102