Brain & Behavior Laboratory
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) with Dr. Blum
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) encompasses many brain disorders
(e.g., ADHD), addictions, and addictive, impulsive, and compulsive behaviors.
(Dr. Blum’s concept)
<-Link to Dr. M's RDS Articles
Figure: This is the Brain Reward Cascade as the background for RDS. This model includes hypocretin/orexin in the hypothalamus that is compromised due to the development of narcolepsy.
Modestino, E. J., Blum, K., Oscar-Berman, M., Gold, M. S., Duane, D. D., Sultan, S. G. S., & Auerbach, S. H. (2015). Reward deficiency syndrome: Attentional/arousal subtypes, limitations of current diagnostic nosology, and future research. Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, 01(01). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545661/pdf/nihms-692690.pdf
Links related to RDS:
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is now Listed in SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology (2017)
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Blum, K., Kazmi, S., Modestino, E. J., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, D., Baron, D., McLaughlin, T., Green, R., Jalali, R., Thanos, P. K., Elman, I., Badgaiyan, R. D., Bowirrat, A., & Gold, M. S. (2021). A novel precision approach to overcome the “addiction pandemic” by incorporating genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) and dopamine homeostasis restoration. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(3), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030212
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Blum, K., Han, D., Gupta, A., Baron, D., Braverman, E. R., Dennen, C. A., Kazmi, S., Llanos-Gomez, L., Badgaiyan, R. D., Elman, I., Thanos, P. K., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, D., Gondre-Lewis, M. C., Gold, M. S., & Bowirrat, A. (2022). Statistical validation of risk alleles in genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) test: Early identification of risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in 74,566 case–control subjects. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(9), 1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091385
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Kótyuk, E., Urbán, R., Hende, B., Richman, M., Magi, A., Király, O., Barta, C., Griffiths, M. D., Potenza, M. N., Badgaiyan, R. D., Blum, K., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022). Development and validation of the reward deficiency syndrome questionnaire (RDSQ-29). Journal of Psychopharmacology, 36(3), 409–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211069102